Article Date: 02 Feb 2012 - 1:00 PST
Can pregnant women improve their progeny's intelligence by eating fish? A study recently submitted to the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition and coordinated by the University of Granada professor Cristina Campoy Folgoso revealed that infants born to mothers who consumed more fish during pregnancy score higher in verbal intelligence and fine motor skill tests, and present an increased prosocial behavior.
This study was conducted within the framework of the NUTRIMENTHE project ("Effect of diet on offspring's cognitive development"), which received funding of 5.9 million Euros from the European 7th Framework Programme (7PM). This study was coordinated by the University of Granada professor Cristina Campoy Folgoso.Fish oil is the primary source of long-chain Omega-3 fatty acids as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), the main component of brain cell membranes. The European Commission has confirmed and supports the healthy effects of DHA as "it contributes to the normal development of the brain and eye of the fetus and breastfed infants".
Effects of Fish Intake
The NUTRIMENTHE project is focused on the effects that genetic variants and maternal fish intake have on the offspring's intellectual capacity. The researchers mainly focused on polymorphisms in the fatty acid desaturase (FADS) gene cluster that encodes the delta-5 and delta-6 desaturase enzymes involved in the synthesis of long-chain fatty acids of the series omega-3 and omega-6. The researchers collected blood samples from 2 000 women at 20 gestational weeks and from the umbilical cord of the infant at birth, and analyzed concentrations of long-chain fatty acids of the series omega-3 and omega-6. Then, they determined the genotype of 18 polymorphisms in the FADS gene cluster. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of maternal fish intake -as a source of Omega-3 and Omega-6 fatty acids- on fetal development, and to determine how the different genotypes affect long-chain fatty acid concentrations in the fetus.
Dr. Pauline Emmett (University of Bristol), Dr. Eva Lattka (Helmholtz Zentrum München, the German Research Center for Environmental Health) and their research teams have determined how FADS gene cluster polymorphisms affect long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid concentrations in women during pregnancy.
Maternal Genotypes
According to the researchers, fatty acid concentrations in umbilical cord blood depend on maternal and offspring genotypes. Accordingly, maternal genotypes are mainly related with omega-6 fatty acid precursors, and offspring genotypes are related with the more highly elongated fatty acids of the omega-6 series. The study also revealed that concentrations of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) of the Omega-3 series -main component of brain cell membranes- depend on maternal and offspring genotypes. Dr Lattka states that "the fetal contribution of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids of the omega-6 series is more relevant than expected; fetal DHA concentrations depend on maternal and fetal metabolism", and concludes that "the amount of DHA transmitted to the fetus through the placenta might be crucial for fetal development".
In a previous study, this research team proved that fish intake during pregnancy is correlated with the IQ in 8-year old children. But, what causes that effect? The study revealed that fish intake is correlated with maternal blood DHA concentrations. However, it has not been clarified whether maternal DHA concentrations are directly correlated with the offspring's IQ. The NUTRIMENTHE project - which is expected to conclude in 2013- is aimed at elucidating this question.
在懷孕期間，孕婦吃魚，提高後代的認知發展和親社會行為
孕婦吃魚，提高他們的後代的智力？最近提交給美國臨床營養學雜誌“，由格拉納達大學教授克里斯蒂娜Campoy Folgoso協調的一項研究表明，嬰兒出生的母親在懷孕期間在口頭上的情報和精細運動技能測試得分更高誰消耗更多的魚，和目前增加親社會行為。這項研究是框架內的NUTRIMENTHE項目（“飲食對後代的認知發展”），並獲得 590萬歐元的資金從歐洲第七框架計劃（上午10時至下午7時）。這項研究是由格拉納達大學教授克里斯蒂娜Campoy Folgoso.Fish石油協調的主要來源是長鏈的Omega - 3脂肪酸二十二碳六烯酸（DHA），腦細胞膜的主要組成部分。歐盟委員會已經確認和支持“它有助於胎兒和母乳喂養的嬰兒的大腦和眼睛的正常發展”的DHA的健康影響。吃魚的影響NUTRIMENTHE項目的重點是遺傳變異和產婦魚類的攝入量，對後代的智力能力的影響。研究人員主要集中在脂肪酸去飽和酶（FADS）基因簇編碼 - 5三角洲和參與長鏈ω- 3和ω- 6系列脂肪酸合成δ- 6脫氫酶的酶多態性。研究人員收集了2 000名婦女妊娠20週，從嬰兒出生時的臍帶血液樣本，並分析了長鏈ω- 3和ω- 6系列脂肪酸含量。然後，他們確定了18 FADS基因簇多態性基因型。這項研究的目的是評估產婦魚攝入來源的ω- 3和ω- 6脂肪酸脂肪酸對胎兒的發育，並確定不同的基因型如何影響胎兒長鏈脂肪酸濃度。寶蓮埃米特博士（英國布里斯托爾大學），博士伊娃Lattka（亥姆霍茲慕尼黑，德國環境健康研究中心）和他們的研究團隊已經確定 FADS基因簇多態性如何影響婦女的長鏈不飽和脂肪酸在懷孕期間的濃度。產婦基因型據研究人員介紹，臍帶血液中的脂肪酸濃度取決於產婦和後代的基因型。因此，產婦基因型主要與ω- 6脂肪酸的前體，以及後代的基因型有更高度拉長的ω- 6系列脂肪酸有關。該研究還發現，腦細胞的Omega - 3系列的主要成分二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）的濃度膜取決於產婦和後代的基因型。 Lattka國家博士“胎兒的長鏈不飽和脂肪酸ω- 6系列的貢獻超過預期有關;胎兒 DHA的濃度取決於母體和胎兒的新陳代謝”，並得出結論說：“DHA的量傳染給胎兒可能通過胎盤對胎兒的發育至關重要“。在先前的研究，這個研究小組證明，在懷孕期間攝入魚是在8歲兒童的智商相關的。但是，是什麼原因導致這種效果呢？研究發現，魚的攝入量與母體血液中DHA濃度相關。然而，並沒有得到澄清，產婦的DHA濃度是否直接與後代的智商相關。 NUTRIMENTHE項目 - 這是預計在2013年結束 - 旨在闡明這個問題。
Can pregnant women improve their progeny's intelligence by eating fish? A study recently submitted to the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition and coordinated by the University of Granada professor Cristina Campoy Folgoso revealed that infants born to mothers who consumed more fish during pregnancy score higher in verbal intelligence and fine motor skill tests, and present an increased prosocial behavior.
This study was conducted within the framework of the NUTRIMENTHE project ("Effect of diet on offspring's cognitive development"), which received funding of 5.9 million Euros from the European 7th Framework Programme (7PM). This study was coordinated by the University of Granada professor Cristina Campoy Folgoso.Fish oil is the primary source of long-chain Omega-3 fatty acids as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), the main component of brain cell membranes. The European Commission has confirmed and supports the healthy effects of DHA as "it contributes to the normal development of the brain and eye of the fetus and breastfed infants".
Effects of Fish Intake
The NUTRIMENTHE project is focused on the effects that genetic variants and maternal fish intake have on the offspring's intellectual capacity. The researchers mainly focused on polymorphisms in the fatty acid desaturase (FADS) gene cluster that encodes the delta-5 and delta-6 desaturase enzymes involved in the synthesis of long-chain fatty acids of the series omega-3 and omega-6. The researchers collected blood samples from 2 000 women at 20 gestational weeks and from the umbilical cord of the infant at birth, and analyzed concentrations of long-chain fatty acids of the series omega-3 and omega-6. Then, they determined the genotype of 18 polymorphisms in the FADS gene cluster. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of maternal fish intake -as a source of Omega-3 and Omega-6 fatty acids- on fetal development, and to determine how the different genotypes affect long-chain fatty acid concentrations in the fetus.
Dr. Pauline Emmett (University of Bristol), Dr. Eva Lattka (Helmholtz Zentrum München, the German Research Center for Environmental Health) and their research teams have determined how FADS gene cluster polymorphisms affect long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid concentrations in women during pregnancy.
Maternal Genotypes
According to the researchers, fatty acid concentrations in umbilical cord blood depend on maternal and offspring genotypes. Accordingly, maternal genotypes are mainly related with omega-6 fatty acid precursors, and offspring genotypes are related with the more highly elongated fatty acids of the omega-6 series. The study also revealed that concentrations of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) of the Omega-3 series -main component of brain cell membranes- depend on maternal and offspring genotypes. Dr Lattka states that "the fetal contribution of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids of the omega-6 series is more relevant than expected; fetal DHA concentrations depend on maternal and fetal metabolism", and concludes that "the amount of DHA transmitted to the fetus through the placenta might be crucial for fetal development".
In a previous study, this research team proved that fish intake during pregnancy is correlated with the IQ in 8-year old children. But, what causes that effect? The study revealed that fish intake is correlated with maternal blood DHA concentrations. However, it has not been clarified whether maternal DHA concentrations are directly correlated with the offspring's IQ. The NUTRIMENTHE project - which is expected to conclude in 2013- is aimed at elucidating this question.
在懷孕期間，孕婦吃魚，提高後代的認知發展和親社會行為
孕婦吃魚，提高他們的後代的智力？最近提交給美國臨床營養學雜誌“，由格拉納達大學教授克里斯蒂娜Campoy Folgoso協調的一項研究表明，嬰兒出生的母親在懷孕期間在口頭上的情報和精細運動技能測試得分更高誰消耗更多的魚，和目前增加親社會行為。這項研究是框架內的NUTRIMENTHE項目（“飲食對後代的認知發展”），並獲得 590萬歐元的資金從歐洲第七框架計劃（上午10時至下午7時）。這項研究是由格拉納達大學教授克里斯蒂娜Campoy Folgoso.Fish石油協調的主要來源是長鏈的Omega - 3脂肪酸二十二碳六烯酸（DHA），腦細胞膜的主要組成部分。歐盟委員會已經確認和支持“它有助於胎兒和母乳喂養的嬰兒的大腦和眼睛的正常發展”的DHA的健康影響。吃魚的影響NUTRIMENTHE項目的重點是遺傳變異和產婦魚類的攝入量，對後代的智力能力的影響。研究人員主要集中在脂肪酸去飽和酶（FADS）基因簇編碼 - 5三角洲和參與長鏈ω- 3和ω- 6系列脂肪酸合成δ- 6脫氫酶的酶多態性。研究人員收集了2 000名婦女妊娠20週，從嬰兒出生時的臍帶血液樣本，並分析了長鏈ω- 3和ω- 6系列脂肪酸含量。然後，他們確定了18 FADS基因簇多態性基因型。這項研究的目的是評估產婦魚攝入來源的ω- 3和ω- 6脂肪酸脂肪酸對胎兒的發育，並確定不同的基因型如何影響胎兒長鏈脂肪酸濃度。寶蓮埃米特博士（英國布里斯托爾大學），博士伊娃Lattka（亥姆霍茲慕尼黑，德國環境健康研究中心）和他們的研究團隊已經確定 FADS基因簇多態性如何影響婦女的長鏈不飽和脂肪酸在懷孕期間的濃度。產婦基因型據研究人員介紹，臍帶血液中的脂肪酸濃度取決於產婦和後代的基因型。因此，產婦基因型主要與ω- 6脂肪酸的前體，以及後代的基因型有更高度拉長的ω- 6系列脂肪酸有關。該研究還發現，腦細胞的Omega - 3系列的主要成分二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）的濃度膜取決於產婦和後代的基因型。 Lattka國家博士“胎兒的長鏈不飽和脂肪酸ω- 6系列的貢獻超過預期有關;胎兒 DHA的濃度取決於母體和胎兒的新陳代謝”，並得出結論說：“DHA的量傳染給胎兒可能通過胎盤對胎兒的發育至關重要“。在先前的研究，這個研究小組證明，在懷孕期間攝入魚是在8歲兒童的智商相關的。但是，是什麼原因導致這種效果呢？研究發現，魚的攝入量與母體血液中DHA濃度相關。然而，並沒有得到澄清，產婦的DHA濃度是否直接與後代的智商相關。 NUTRIMENTHE項目 - 這是預計在2013年結束 - 旨在闡明這個問題。
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