富士康六成員工稱工資無法滿足基本需求
調整字體︰
蘋果表態支持調查建議富士康認錯稱將限時整改經過一個半月的調查，昨天凌晨，受蘋果委托對蘋果供應商富士康進行用工環境調查的美國非營利機構公平勞工協會(簡稱“FLA”)發布報告稱，富士康存在數十樁嚴重違反勞工權利的行為。蘋果表態支持FLA的調查報告，富士康則低頭認錯稱將限時整改。
□調查結果
富士康用工存嚴重違規
今年2月15日，FLA總裁奧萊特‧範‧希爾登率領的一個由勞動力權益專家組成的審計小組也抵達深圳，開始對富士康深圳觀瀾、龍華工廠以及富士康成都工廠展開工人權益調查。此前，蘋果公司因為工人保護問題在全球多個地方遭到抗議。
昨天公布的FLA報告顯示，FLA團隊對上述三座富士康中國大陸工廠的3.55萬名員工的工作和生活條件進行了調查。在這份13頁的審計報告中，FLA列 出了50個與其行為准則及中國勞工法相關的問題，其中包括富士康在衛生和安全、工人代表以及工資和工作時長等方面的違規行為。
工作時長
在過去12個月時間裡，所有上述三家富士康工廠的工人工作時長(包括正常輪班和有償加班)都超出了中國勞工法規定的標准，也超出了FLA自己的標准(每周 工作60個小時)。報告稱，富士康已經同意與FLA合作，在2013年7月1日以前實現“完全遵守”與工作小時數相關的中國法律這一目標等。FLA表示， 要想實現這一目標，富士康需要額外聘用“數萬名”工人，才能抵消當前工人的工作量。
薪酬
調查中，有60%以上的員工稱其工資無法滿足基本需求。工人的平均月薪為人民幣2257元到人民幣2872元。記者查閱相關資料獲悉，深圳施行的最低工資標准為每月1320元。
調查還發現，14%的員工可能無法拿到被拖欠的計劃外加班工資，原因是富士康以30分鐘為增量來支付加班工資。FLA稱，富士康已同意為所有加班時間向工人支付公平的工資，在常規工作時間以外進行的工作相關會議也將計酬。
安全
接受調查的工人中有43%以上稱其既未經歷過某種類型的工作相關事故，也並未親眼見過此類事故。在FLA開始審計以前，富士康記錄在案的事故僅造成了生產暫停的後果。富士康已同意要求主管和工人上報所有導致工人受傷的事故，即時生效。
□回應
蘋果支持FLA建議
昨天，蘋果對FLA的調查結果作出書面回應稱：“我們對FLA為評估富士康工廠狀況所做的工作表示感謝，並完全支持FLA提出的建議。”蘋果還稱：“我們 的團隊多年來一直都致力於為工人提供教育機會，改善其各種條件，讓蘋果的供應鏈成為業內模範，這也就是我們請求FLA來進行這些審計活動的原因所在。我們 與FLA有著同樣的目標，那就是改善工人的生活條件，提高對各地製造商的門檻。”
而蘋果CEO蒂姆‧庫克本周正在中國訪問，並於周四造訪了富士康位於河南鄭州的工廠，不過該工廠不在FLA此份報告的調查範圍之內。
富士康主動提加薪
富士康發表聲明稱，公司將與蘋果一道解決FLA提出的問題，並且表示“員工是我們最具價值的資產，我們全心全意地致力於確保他們擁有安全、滿意和健康的工作環境。”
而富士康對於具體問題的整改承諾，則出現在FLA的調查報告當中。富士康承諾，將在2013年7月前使工廠完全符合中國法律要求和FLA的標准，將把工人 的工作時間(包括加班時間)限制在每周49小時的法律規定範圍內。這意味要將每月加班時間從80個小時減少至36個小時。此外，富士康還同意制定補償方 案，避免工人因加班減少而降低收入。為了在減少工人工作時間的同時維持產量，富士康承諾大幅擴招工人並新建宿舍和食堂。
□影響
用工成本提升或使產品漲價
對於富士康漲薪等措施，業界擔心，和蘋果一樣，與富士康同樣有代工關系的戴爾、惠普、索尼、亞馬遜、諾基亞、摩托羅拉移動等企業將會提高電子產品的售價來轉移成本。
零售賣場百思買的CEO布萊恩‧鄧恩就持此種觀點，其表示上游製造企業用工成本提升將會提高整個電子行業的成本，會給百思買帶來利潤壓力。不過美國投資公 司PNC高級國際經濟學家比爾‧亞當斯則認為，中國勞動力成本的上漲雖然會在一定程度上推高電子產品價格，但由於各國都在積極採取措施，遏制通貨膨脹，因 此並不會導致價格的大幅上漲。
The Fair Labor Association released its report on Apple’s Foxconn factory audit today, finding serious worker-rights violation and getting an agreement from both companies to take immediate action.
“The findings of FLA’s nearly month-long investigation revealed serious and pressing noncompliances with FLA’s Workplace Code of Conduct, as well as Chinese labor law,” said the FLA in its report. You can read the full report below.
According to the FLA, its staff spent over 3,000 hours inside three Foxconn factories — in Guanlan, Longhua, and Chengdu — observing labor conditions, as well as chewing through policies and records. FLA anonymously surveyed over 35,000 Foxconn employees about their working conditions, including overtime hours, pay, health and safety, and the overall environment of the Foxconn factories.
Based on all this data, the FLA found that in all three factories, employees spent more hours working at peak production time than is legal in China, or under the FLA Code. Some workers were not given their 24-hours of downtime, and had to work up to seven days in a row.
The survey revealed that employees are particularly worried about becoming sick from aluminum dust. The FLA believes Foxconn has already put procedures into place, however, to protect workers from the dust, which previously caused an explosion at the Chengdu factory. Workers tend to feel like they don’t have access to the safety committees who make decisions on heath and safety procedures at Foxconn. Committees are intended to be a representation of the broader Foxconn community.
“It should be noted that committees may not be truly representative of the workers, because management nominates candidates for election,” said the FLA in the report.
Workers are, however, paid over the legal minimum in China, though overtime is an issue. The FLA believes 14 percent of overtime workers are not being paid fully for their hours. This is because Foxconn only plays employees based on 30-minute increments. The association makes the point that if a worker spends 58 minutes on the assembly line, he or she would only be paid for a half-hour of work.
After looking at all of these issues, the FLA has asked Foxconn and Apple to take several steps to improve working conditions. Both companies have agreed to the steps, which include opening up avenues between workers and the health and safety committees, and changing the way accidents are reported. Foxconn promises to have all of its employees working the legal amount of hours or less by July 1, 2013, without disrupting wage laws.
Apple made the decision to join the FLA soon after reports about poor working conditions in its Foxconn factory emerged. The move was intended to curb criticism and add a more transparency to Apple’s supplier network, which has traditionally been veiled. Tales of long hours, very low wages, and child and slave labor have been among some of the complaints against Apple, which chief executive Tim Cook says he greatly wants to reduce.
“If we find a supplier that intentionally hires under-aged labor, it’s a firing offense,” he said at the Goldman Sachs technology conference in February. “We don’t let anyone cut corners on safety.”
The company promised to publish audits performed by the Fair Labor Association to its website, but some people are still not convinced. SumOfUs, an activist group that has been following Apple’s Foxconn debacle from the beginning, believes joining the FLA is really just a public relations move. Members of the FLA are, in fact, paying members, and thus the objectivity of the FLA’s reports is questionable. SumOfUS doesn’t believe the FLA reports are whitewashed, however, saying:
“A critical report from the FLA will not, in and of itself, constitute proof that a new day is dawning in Apple’s supply chain. It will only be proof that the FLA and Apple are smart enough to understand that no one, at this point, is going to be fooled by a whitewash.”
We have reached out to the FLA and Apple and will update this post upon hearing back.
The main FLA report:
“The findings of FLA’s nearly month-long investigation revealed serious and pressing noncompliances with FLA’s Workplace Code of Conduct, as well as Chinese labor law,” said the FLA in its report. You can read the full report below.
According to the FLA, its staff spent over 3,000 hours inside three Foxconn factories — in Guanlan, Longhua, and Chengdu — observing labor conditions, as well as chewing through policies and records. FLA anonymously surveyed over 35,000 Foxconn employees about their working conditions, including overtime hours, pay, health and safety, and the overall environment of the Foxconn factories.
Based on all this data, the FLA found that in all three factories, employees spent more hours working at peak production time than is legal in China, or under the FLA Code. Some workers were not given their 24-hours of downtime, and had to work up to seven days in a row.
The survey revealed that employees are particularly worried about becoming sick from aluminum dust. The FLA believes Foxconn has already put procedures into place, however, to protect workers from the dust, which previously caused an explosion at the Chengdu factory. Workers tend to feel like they don’t have access to the safety committees who make decisions on heath and safety procedures at Foxconn. Committees are intended to be a representation of the broader Foxconn community.
“It should be noted that committees may not be truly representative of the workers, because management nominates candidates for election,” said the FLA in the report.
Workers are, however, paid over the legal minimum in China, though overtime is an issue. The FLA believes 14 percent of overtime workers are not being paid fully for their hours. This is because Foxconn only plays employees based on 30-minute increments. The association makes the point that if a worker spends 58 minutes on the assembly line, he or she would only be paid for a half-hour of work.
After looking at all of these issues, the FLA has asked Foxconn and Apple to take several steps to improve working conditions. Both companies have agreed to the steps, which include opening up avenues between workers and the health and safety committees, and changing the way accidents are reported. Foxconn promises to have all of its employees working the legal amount of hours or less by July 1, 2013, without disrupting wage laws.
Apple made the decision to join the FLA soon after reports about poor working conditions in its Foxconn factory emerged. The move was intended to curb criticism and add a more transparency to Apple’s supplier network, which has traditionally been veiled. Tales of long hours, very low wages, and child and slave labor have been among some of the complaints against Apple, which chief executive Tim Cook says he greatly wants to reduce.
“If we find a supplier that intentionally hires under-aged labor, it’s a firing offense,” he said at the Goldman Sachs technology conference in February. “We don’t let anyone cut corners on safety.”
The company promised to publish audits performed by the Fair Labor Association to its website, but some people are still not convinced. SumOfUs, an activist group that has been following Apple’s Foxconn debacle from the beginning, believes joining the FLA is really just a public relations move. Members of the FLA are, in fact, paying members, and thus the objectivity of the FLA’s reports is questionable. SumOfUS doesn’t believe the FLA reports are whitewashed, however, saying:
“A critical report from the FLA will not, in and of itself, constitute proof that a new day is dawning in Apple’s supply chain. It will only be proof that the FLA and Apple are smart enough to understand that no one, at this point, is going to be fooled by a whitewash.”
We have reached out to the FLA and Apple and will update this post upon hearing back.
The main FLA report:
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